Selection

The single-tree selection system is designed to develop a multicohort (all-age) stand of shade-tolerant species. In practice, however, it may be impractical to achieve this goal because it requires frequent stand entry and because the smallest diameter classes may not develop in the shade of trees of the larger diameter classes. Proper application of the selection system involves establishing several criteria, which include a residual basal area target, largest-tree-to-grow, a "q" factor, and a cutting cycle length (Smith and Lamson 1982). Single-tree selection is complex to apply, requires long-term commitment, and requires the presence of commercial species that are shade tolerant. In the Southern Appalachians, it may be applicable only in high-elevation stands that contain sugar maple (A. saccharum Marsh.). Because it has these limitations, professional foresters rarely apply the system. 

Modifications of this method involve cutting trees in small groups or patches. These "group selection" systems may be more appropriate in the southern upland hardwoods than single-tree selection, although group selection, like single-tree selection, requires repeated entry into the stand. One of the common mistakes made by both foresters and landowners is to refer to "selective cutting" (cutting some trees and leaving others) as a legitimate silvicultural activity. The similarity between the terms "selective cutting" and "selection system" is unfortunate and leads to confusion.